Syrian Civil War Books

About Syrian Civil War

The Syrian Civil War, beginning in 2011, is a multi-faceted and ongoing conflict that erupted during the wave of Arab Spring protests. Initially sparked by anti-government demonstrations against President Bashar al-Assad’s regime, the war escalated into a full-blown civil war after government crackdowns and widespread violence. Multiple factions emerged, including the Free Syrian Army, Islamist groups, Kurdish forces, and extremist organizations like ISIS. The conflict drew in regional and global powers: Iran and Russia backed Assad, while the U.S., Turkey, and Gulf states supported various opposition groups. The war led to one of the worst humanitarian crises of the 21st century, with over 500,000 people killed and millions more displaced or seeking refuge abroad. Major cities like Aleppo, Raqqa, and Homs were devastated. The use of chemical weapons, barrel bombs, and sieges of civilian areas drew international condemnation. ISIS’s rise and subsequent defeat added another layer of complexity, along with Turkish incursions and Israeli airstrikes. As of the mid-2020s, the war has de-escalated in some areas, but the political situation remains unstable, and large parts of Syria are still divided among rival powers. The Syrian Civil War continues to shape regional dynamics, refugee policy, and global debates about intervention, sovereignty, and human rights.