Franco and Hitler

Main Themes and Topics

"Franco and Hitler" by Stanley G. Payne delves into the intricate relationship between General Francisco Franco of Spain and Adolf Hitler of Nazi Germany. Payne explores the political intricacies and diplomatic dynamics from the onset of their interactions in 1936 to the end of World War II in 1945. At the heart of the book is an exploration of how Spain, under Franco's rule, managed to maintain a delicate balance of neutrality during the war, despite its semi-fascist regime and ideological similarities with Nazi Germany.

The book addresses several questions central to understanding the period: Was Franco genuinely sympathetic to Nazi Germany? Why did Spain choose not to officially join the Axis Powers? How did Spain manage—or struggle—to maintain its stance of non-involvement despite external pressures? Furthermore, Payne investigates the humanitarian angle, particularly Spain's policy towards Jewish refugees during the Holocaust and how it affected the country's diplomatic relations.

Writing Style and Tone

Payne's writing is scholarly yet accessible, making complex historical events and diplomatic maneuvers comprehensible to both academic audiences and general readers interested in World War II history. His style is precise and well-documented, often supported by primary sources and new evidence he brings to light. Payne's tone is analytical, providing a detailed examination of Franco and Hitler's relationship, with moments of vivid narrative that reveal the 'tragicomic' nature of their interactions, as he often draws comparisons to absurdist plays by Beckett or Ionesco.

Brief Summary

"Franco and Hitler" provides a comprehensive account of Spain's politically ambiguous status during World War II. Payne documents the only personal meeting between Franco and Hitler in 1940, where they discussed the potential for Spain to join the Axis Powers and the strategic implications of such a move. The narrative delves into Spain's policy to remain neutral while still cooperating with the Nazis in ways that were advantageous to Franco's regime. Key also to Payne's narrative is the Spanish government's fluctuation in its approach to Jewish refugees, a topic not widely explored before in relation to Spain.