The Second Line of Defense

Main Themes and Topics

Lynn Dumenil's The Second Line of Defense expertly delves into the transformative role of women during World War I. The book examines the rise of the "new woman" in America and the dual impact that the war had both on women's societal roles and how women, in turn, contributed significantly to the war effort. Dumenil highlights the diverse experiences of various women, including African Americans, dissidents, pacifists, reformers, and industrial workers, illustrating the multifaceted challenges and opportunities that arose for these groups. A central theme of the book is how women effectively became the "second line of defense," engaging in crucial war work such as volunteering on the home front, serving overseas, and laboring in factories. By doing so, they not only reinforced their claims to citizenship but also laid the groundwork for future shifts in gender roles, even as these shifts were met with resistance and did not always result in lasting change.

Writing Style and Tone

Dumenil's writing in The Second Line of Defense is both scholarly and accessible, offering a meticulously researched narrative that combines academic rigor with engaging storytelling. Her use of a variety of sources, from archival materials to popular culture references, lends depth to her exploration of the era. The tone of the book balances being informative with being compelling, drawing readers into the personal stories of the women whose lives she chronicles. This approach not only provides a rich historical context but also paints a vivid picture of the societal shifts occurring during and after World War I.

Brief Summary

The Second Line of Defense provides a comprehensive study of American women's involvement in World War I and the subsequent evolution of their social roles. Focusing on a diverse group of women, the book traces how World War I acted as a catalyst for both opportunity and resistance regarding women's societal contributions and their quest for equality. Dumenil highlights the complex interplay between women's war efforts and the enduring limitations of traditional gender roles, offering insights into the broader social, cultural, and political history of the early 20th century. The narrative underscores the significant but often underappreciated roles women played during the war, framing them as integral participants in the nation's military and societal endeavors.