We Hereby Refuse

Main Themes and Topics

We Hereby Refuse by Frank Abe explores the complex themes of identity, resistance, and justice during World War II. The book delves into the experiences of three Japanese American individuals — Jim Akutsu, Hiroshi Kashiwagi, and Mitsuye Endo — who chose different paths of resistance against their unjust imprisonment by the United States government. Through their stories, the book highlights the broader context of racial discrimination and the fight for civil rights. The varied responses and actions taken by these individuals underscore the profound impact of governmental decisions on personal lives and community dynamics, as well as the resilience required to stand against systemic oppression.

Writing Style and Tone

The book is a graphic novel that combines a compelling narrative with striking illustrations. This format allows for an engaging presentation of historical facts and personal stories, making complex themes accessible to a wide audience. The authors, alongside illustrators, use visual storytelling to capture emotional depth and historical detail, providing readers with a vivid portrayal of the individuals' experiences. The tone is both educational and empathetic, inviting readers to reflect on the nuances of loyalty, identity, and resistance.

Brief Summary (no spoilers)

We Hereby Refuse narrates the stories of three Japanese Americans who resisted the U.S. government's decisions during World War II. Jim Akutsu challenged the draft, Hiroshi Kashiwagi renounced his U.S. citizenship, and Mitsuye Endo became involved in a landmark Supreme Court case. These personal accounts reveal the varied forms of resistance and the social challenges faced by Japanese Americans during this tumultuous period. The book offers insight into how individuals confronted and resisted injustice, while also shedding light on the broader historical implications of their actions.